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Papilledema or papilloedema is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause. [1] The swelling is usually bilateral and can occur over a period of hours to weeks. [ 2 ]
Papilledema that is not yet chronic will not have as dramatic an effect on vision. Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both papilledema and a sixth nerve palsy, papilledema can be differentiated from papillitis if esotropia and loss of abduction are also present. However, esotropia may also develop secondarily in an eye that has ...
If the papilledema has been longstanding, visual fields may be constricted and visual acuity may be decreased. Visual field testing by automated perimetry is recommended as other methods of testing may be less accurate. Longstanding papilledema leads to optic atrophy, in which the disc looks pale and visual loss tends to be advanced. [5] [9]
In patients with headaches, the finding of swollen optic discs (papilledema) on ophthalmoscopy is a key sign indicating raised intracranial pressure, which may be due to conditions such as hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), and brain tumors. In glaucoma, cupped optic discs are seen.
The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. These irregular clumps of protein are closely associated with disease progression.
Next time you’re struggling to find motivation to go a little harder at the gym, keep this in mind: It's not just your body that's reaping the benefits.You're also doing wonders for your brain ...
Frontal view with metopic suture (red) on a normal adult skull Cranial sutures viewed from top of head. A metopic ridge is a condition with a palpable vertical ridge on the forehead of the skull along the metopic suture line, which runs along the from the top of the forehead down to between the eyebrows or middle of the nose.
If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1339 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.