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[82] [3] British historian Michael Ellman argues that mass deaths from famines should be placed in a different category than the repression victims, mentioning that throughout Russian history famines and droughts have been a common occurrence, including the Russian famine of 1921–1922, triggered by Stalin's predecessor Vladimir Lenin's war ...
Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin Author Timothy Snyder Language English Subject Mass murders before and during World War II Genre History Publisher Basic Books Publication date 28 October 2010 Pages 544 ISBN 978-0-465-00239-9 Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin is a 2010 book by Yale historian Timothy Snyder. It is about mass murders committed before and during World War ...
Daniel Goldhagen argues that 20th century communist regimes "have killed more people than any other regime type." [160] Other scholars in the fields of communist studies and genocide studies, such as Steven Rosefielde and Benjamin Valentino, have come to similar conclusions.
Hannah Arendt in 1933. Hannah Arendt was one of the first scholars to publish a comparative study of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin.In her 1951 work The Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt puts forward the idea of totalitarianism as a distinct type of political movement and form of government, which "differs essentially from other forms of political oppression known to us, such as despotism ...
The reason is simple: as a rule, people who discuss these figures are trying to convey a very specific point, namely, that Stalinism killed more people than Nazism. However, a comparison of excess mortality during Stalin's rule with mass killings perpetrated by Nazi is a comparison of apples with oranges.
Stalin probably exceeded Hitler". [188] Wheatcroft elaborates: Stalin undoubtedly caused many innocent people to be executed, but it seems likely that he thought many of them guilty of crimes against the state and felt that the execution of others would act as a deterrent to the guilty. He signed the papers and insisted on documentation.
Many underestimated the dangers of the impending Nazi war machine, and were murdered; Jews who fled to Russia from Germany, however, said "better Stalin than Hitler". [29] During World War II, an estimated 700,000 to 3,000,000 Jews were killed in the Nazi-occupied territories of the Soviet Union by the Einsatzgruppen. [29]
Men ordinarily subject to penal military unit service included: Those convicted of desertion or cowardice under Order No. 227. While cowardice under fire was sometimes punished with instant execution, soldiers or officers in rear areas suspected of having a "reluctance to fight" could (and frequently were) summarily stripped of rank and reassigned to a shtrafbat under Order 227.