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The pK a values of an amino acid side chain in solution is typically inferred from the pK a values of model compounds (compounds that are similar to the side chains of amino acids). See Amino acid for the pK a values of all amino acid side chains inferred in such a way. There are also numerous experimental studies that have yielded such values ...
Structure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" form. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. [2]
The table below lists the abundance of amino acids in E.coli cells and the metabolic cost (ATP) for synthesis of the amino acids. Negative numbers indicate the metabolic processes are energy favorable and do not cost net ATP of the cell. [12] The abundance of amino acids includes amino acids in free form and in polymerization form (proteins).
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; [6] / ˈ ɡ l aɪ s iː n / ⓘ) [7] is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable). Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). [8]
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H 2 N)(HN)CN(H)(CH 2) 3 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO 2 −) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation.
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; [4] the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use.
Alanine is an aliphatic amino acid, because the side-chain connected to the α-carbon atom is a methyl group (-CH 3). Alanine is the simplest α-amino acid after glycine . The methyl side-chain of alanine is non-reactive and is therefore hardly ever directly involved in protein function. [ 12 ]
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) [3] is an essential α-amino acid with the formula C 9 H 11 NO 2.It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine.