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The progestogens are named for their function in maintaining pregnancy (i.e., progestational), although they are also present at other phases of the estrous and menstrual cycles. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The progestogens are one of three types of sex hormones , the others being estrogens like estradiol and androgens / anabolic steroids like testosterone .
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Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
Today, maternal-fetal medicine specialists can be found in major hospitals internationally. They may work in privately owned clinics, or in larger, government-funded institutions. [4] [5] The field of maternal-fetal medicine is one of the most rapidly evolving fields in medicine, especially with respect to the fetus.
Birthing classes, also termed antenatal classes, help the parents to prepare for the baby's birth and care of the newborn. Individual fears and concerns can be discussed with professionals and others in the class. Classes include learning about the process of labor and birth and various medications and other pain management options.
Megestrol acetate is the lead drug of this class for the management of cachexia, and medroxyprogesterone acetate is also used. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] The mechanism of action of the appetite-related effects of these two medications is unknown and may not be related to their progestogenic activity.
EE/CPA is used as a combined birth control pill to prevent ovulation and pregnancy in women. [2] It is also approved and used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in women such as acne , seborrhea , hirsutism , female pattern hair loss , and hyperandrogenism due to polycystic ovary syndrome .
Use of anticonvulsant medications should be carefully monitored during use in pregnancy. [94] For example, since the first trimester is the most susceptible period for fetal development, planning a routine antiepileptic drug dose that is safer for the first trimester could be beneficial to prevent pregnancy complications.