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The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR), [b] Soviet Estonia, or simply Estonia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union (USSR), [1][2] covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then independent Republic of Estonia on 21 ...
Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian. The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000–11,000 years ago, after the ice from the last glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BCE.
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania begun by the Soviet Union in 1940, continued for three years by Nazi Germany after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, and finally resumed by the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. The initial Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic ...
Estonia won the Estonian War of Independence against both Soviet Russia and the German Freikorps and Baltische Landeswehr volunteers. Independence was secured with the Tartu Peace Treaty, signed on 2 February 1920. The first Estonian constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 15 April 1920. Established as a parliamentary democracy ...
Pre-independence Estonia, before 1918. Before becoming a modern nation state, Estonia was part of the Danish, Swedish, and Russian Empires. The Duchy of Estonia was a direct dominion of the King of Denmark from 1219 until 1346. After the Saint George's Night Uprising, the Danes sold the territory to the Teutonic Order and it became part of the ...
Embassy of the United States, Tallinn. The relations between Estonia and the United States have been constant and strong since Estonia regained its independence in 1991. The United States and Estonia are allies and partners. [ 1 ] Both nations are members of the OECD, NATO and the United Nations.
The American Russian Cultural Association (Russian: Американо–русская культурная ассоциация) was organized in the United States in 1942 to encourage cultural ties between the Soviet Union and U.S., with Nicholas Roerich as honorary president. The group's first annual report was issued the following year.
Soviet authorities recognised Estonian independence on 6 September 1991, and on 17 September Estonia was admitted into the United Nations. [219] The last units of the Russian Army left Estonia in 1994. [220] Lennart Meri was one of the most popularly respected presidents in Estonian history. [221]