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Medical reasons for inducing or performing an abortion are usually due to concerns about fetal viability or disability. These reasons include chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, [6] structural abnormalities, [7] and fetal reduction. [8] The medical reasons may also be about the ability of the mother to survive the pregnancy without injury.
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies , structural abnormalities, or neoplasms.
The anomaly scan, also sometimes called the anatomy scan, 20-week ultrasound, or level 2 ultrasound, evaluates anatomic structures of the fetus, placenta, and maternal pelvic organs. This scan is an important and common component of routine prenatal care . [ 1 ]
The most common abnormality the test can screen is trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).In addition to Down syndrome, the triple and quadruple screens assess risk for fetal trisomy 18 also known as Edwards syndrome, open neural tube defects, and may also detect an increased risk of Turner syndrome, triploidy, trisomy 16 mosaicism, fetal death, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, and steroid sulfatase ...
Medical reasons for seeking an abortion later in pregnancy include fetal anomalies and health risk to the pregnant person. [170] There are prenatal tests that can diagnose Down Syndrome or cystic fibrosis as early as 10 weeks into gestation, but structural fetal anomalies are often detected much later in pregnancy. [169]
A bill adding a fatal fetal anomaly exception to New Hampshire's 24-week abortion ban passed in a Senate committee.
The VACTERL association (also VATER association, and less accurately VACTERL syndrome) refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to co-occur (see below). This pattern is a recognized association, as opposed to a syndrome , because there is no known pathogenetic cause to explain the grouped incidence.
Limb body wall complex (LBWC) is a rare and severe syndrome of congenital malformations involving craniofacial and abdominal anomalies. LBWC emerges during early fetal development and is fatal. The cause of LBWC is unknown.