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In statistics, the Vuong closeness test is a likelihood-ratio-based test for model selection using the Kullback–Leibler information criterion. This statistic makes probabilistic statements about two models. They can be nested, strictly non-nested or partially non-nested (also called overlapping). The statistic tests the null hypothesis that ...
Associated with the concept of a home range is the concept of a utilization distribution, which takes the form of a two dimensional probability density function that represents the probability of finding an animal in a defined area within its home range. [2] [3] The home range of an individual animal is typically constructed from a set of ...
Statistical tests are used to test the fit between a hypothesis and the data. [1] [2] Choosing the right statistical test is not a trivial task. [1] The choice of the test depends on many properties of the research question. The vast majority of studies can be addressed by 30 of the 100 or so statistical tests in use. [3] [4] [5]
y i is the number of times species i is represented in the total Y from another sample. D x and D y are the Simpson's index values for the x and y samples respectively. S is the number of unique species. C D = 0 if the two samples do not overlap in terms of species, and C D = 1 if the species occur in the same proportions in both samples ...
For example, the applied load (stress) on a mechanical part may vary. The measured strength of that part (tensile strength, etc.) may also be variable. The part will break when the stress exceeds the strength. [1] [2] With two normal distributions, the statistical interference may be calculated as above.
Multiple comparisons arise when a statistical analysis involves multiple simultaneous statistical tests, each of which has a potential to produce a "discovery". A stated confidence level generally applies only to each test considered individually, but often it is desirable to have a confidence level for the whole family of simultaneous tests. [4]
L-estimators can also be used as statistics in their own right – for example, the median is a measure of location, and the IQR is a measure of dispersion. In these cases, the sample statistics can act as estimators of their own expected value; for example, the sample median is an estimator of the population median.
If the results are similar between various studies, the data is said to be homogeneous, and the tendency is for these data to be more conclusive. The heterogeneity is indicated by the I 2 . A heterogeneity of less than 50% is termed low, and indicates a greater degree of similarity between study data than an I 2 value above 50%, which indicates ...