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In most ferns, for example, in the leptosporangiate fern Dryopteris, the gametophyte is a photosynthetic free living autotrophic organism called a prothallus that produces gametes and maintains the sporophyte during its early multicellular development.
The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
Dominant gametophyte (gametophytic). In liverworts, mosses and hornworts, the dominant form is the haploid gametophyte. The diploid sporophyte is not capable of an independent existence, gaining most of its nutrition from the parent gametophyte, and having no chlorophyll when mature. [21] Sporophyte of Lomaria discolor, a fern
7) The diploid zygote which has just been fertilized by the union of haploid egg and sperm during sex. 8) Cells of the diploid structure quickly undergo meiosis to produce spores containing the meiotically halved number of chromosomes, restoring haploidy. These spores express either the mother's dominant gene or the father's recessive gene and ...
Diploid parthenogenesis is a component process of gametophytic apomixis (see above). Androgenesis and androclinesis are synonyms. These terms are used for two different processes that both have the effect of producing an embryo that has "male inheritance".
Diagram showing the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte (bottom) and a haploid gametophyte (top) A sporophyte (/ ˈ s p ɔːr. ə ˌ f aɪ t /) is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga which produces asexual spores. This stage alternates with a multicellular haploid gametophyte phase.
Polyploidy in animals is much less common, but it has been significant in some groups. [43] Polyploid series in related species which consist entirely of multiples of a single basic number are known as euploid. Haplo-diploidy, where one sex is diploid, and the other haploid. It is a common arrangement in the Hymenoptera, and in some other groups.
The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium. [1] The androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants . Antheridia are present in the gametophyte phase of cryptogams like bryophytes and ferns . [ 2 ]
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