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  2. Odesa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa

    Share of the Belgian company "Tramways d'Odessa", issued 24 August 1881 An Odesa tram on Sofievska Street. In 1881, Odesa became the first city in Imperial Russia to have steam tramway lines, an innovation that came only one year after the establishment of horse tramway services in 1880 operated by the "Tramways d'Odessa", a Belgian owned company.

  3. Black Sea Germans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Germans

    The historical part of this overview is drawn primarily from Stumpp's The Emigration from Germany to Russia in the Years 1763 to 1862 (English translation from the original German, American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1973), [23] and Giesinger's From Catherine to Khrushchev : The Story of Russia's Germans (1974).

  4. History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Germans_in...

    The German minority population in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union stemmed from several sources and arrived in several waves. Since the second half of the 19th century, as a consequence of the Russification policies and compulsory military service in the Russian Empire, large groups of Germans from Russia emigrated to the Americas (mainly Canada, the United States, Brazil and Argentina ...

  5. Timeline of Odesa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Odesa

    Odessa Military District established. Vorontsov Lighthouse built. 1865 – Imperial Novorossiya University established. [4] 1866 – Odessa-Balta railway begins operating. [4] 1871 Pogrom against Jews. [8] Russian Technical Society, Odessa branch, founded. 1873 – Population: 162,814. [13] 1874 – Theatre Velikanova built. 1875 – Tzar ...

  6. Odessa Soviet Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_Soviet_Republic

    The Odessa Soviet Republic (OSR; Ukrainian: Одеська Радянська Республіка, romanized: Odeska Radianska Respublika; Russian: Одесская Советская Республика) was a short-lived Soviet republic formed on 30 January [O.S. 17 January] 1918 from parts of the Kherson and Bessarabia Governorates of the former Russian Empire.

  7. The Complicated Ukraine-Russia War, Explained in Simple Terms

    www.aol.com/complicated-ukraine-russia-war...

    The Reader’s Digest Version: There has been tension between Ukraine and Russia for centuries. Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union until 1991; it is now a democracy.

  8. Former eastern territories of Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_eastern_territories...

    In present-day Germany, the former eastern territories of Germany (German: ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete) refer to those territories east of the current eastern border of Germany, i.e. the Oder–Neisse line, which historically had been considered German and which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union after World War II.

  9. Pale of Settlement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement

    Russia Ukraine The Pale of Settlement [ a ] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 ( de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [ 1 ] was mostly forbidden.