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When the Holy Roman Empire took part in the Crusades, a war flag was flown alongside the black-gold imperial banner. This flag, known as the "Saint George Flag", was a white cross on a red background: the reverse of the St George's Cross used as the flag of Lombardy and England. [1]
These Roman standards were guarded with religious veneration in the temples of the metropolis and chief cities of the empire. [14] Another Roman standard that was wide spread by the time of the 4th century author Vegetius was the draco or dragon, a symbol originally borrowed from the Parthians some time after the death of Trajan. It would take ...
It is believed that the modern flag design, with the red and yellow vertical stripes, was introduced in 1870, the year when the city was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy. In 1884, the city officially introduced its coat of arms, which then began being displayed on the state flag variant. Its design was based on a wall carving dating back ...
Roman ornament with an aquila (100–200 AD) from the Cleveland Museum of Art A modern reconstruction of an aquila. An aquila (Classical Latin: [ˈakᶣɪla]; lit. ' eagle ') was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the "eagle-bearer", carried this standard.
Pilot flag, Infantry colours and de-facto civil flag [9] Yellow and White plain bicolour -1870 War and proto-national flag [10] flown over Porta Pia during the fall of Rome (1870) [11] [12] [13] Yellow and white, with simplified coat of arms of the Holy see in the middle 1803–1825: Flag for Papal Merchant Ships: White 1849: Flag of the Roman ...
Several throughout its history include: Aquila, the emblem of the Roman legion whose adoption Pliny the Elder attributes to the general Gaius Marius. Each legion had an eagle, or aquila, carried by an aquilifer; Vexillum, the emblem of a legion, cohors, numerus or detachments of such units. This was a flag attached to the top of the pole.
The Late Roman army in the late 3rd century continued to use the insignia usual to the Roman legions: the eagle-tipped aquila, the square vexillum, and the imago (the bust of the emperor on a pole). In addition, the use of the draco , adopted from the Dacians , was widespread among cavalry and auxiliary units.
The only extant Roman vexillum, 3rd century CE. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Russia. The vexillum (/ v ɛ k ˈ s ɪ l əm /; pl.: vexilla) was a flag-like object used as a military standard by units in the Roman army. A common vexillum displayed imagery of the Roman aquila on a reddish backdrop.