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In other cases, accuracy itself is under dispute: a certain question may indeed have a true answer, but nobody knows what it is yet, so a lack of complete information leads to people supporting a variety of possible answers. For example, the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations, or the existence of life on Europa, could be true or false ...
A study by Yale University cognitive scientists Gordon Pennycook and David G. Rand found that Facebook tags of fake articles "did significantly reduce their perceived accuracy relative to a control without tags, but only modestly". [18] A Dartmouth study led by Brendan Nyhan found that Facebook tags had a greater impact than the Yale study found.
Accuracy is also used as a statistical measure of how well a binary classification test correctly identifies or excludes a condition. That is, the accuracy is the proportion of correct predictions (both true positives and true negatives) among the total number of cases examined. [10] As such, it compares estimates of pre- and post-test probability.
Another direction of study in preventing the misinformation effect is the idea of using a pretest to prevent the misinformation effect. This theory posits that a test, applied prior to the introduction of misleading information, can help maintain the accuracy of the memories developed after that point. [48]
In addition to accuracy of individual statements, it is an objective that articles provide overall accurate coverage of the topic, albeit the latter is less clear-cut. This includes balanced coverage, with inclusion weighted by degree of significance, informativeness on the topic, and directness of relevance to the topic.
Re-administering the same test to the same group at some later time; Correlating the first set of scores with the second; The correlation between scores on the first test and the scores on the retest is used to estimate the reliability of the test using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient: see also item-total correlation.
The overconfidence effect is a well-established bias in which a person's subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgments, especially when confidence is relatively high. [1] [2] Overconfidence is one example of a miscalibration of subjective probabilities.
Quizlet's primary products include digital flash cards, matching games, practice electronic assessments, and live quizzes. In 2017, 1 in 2 high school students used Quizlet. [ 4 ] As of December 2021, Quizlet has over 500 million user-generated flashcard sets and more than 60 million active users.