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Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO 2.It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium(IV) dioxide is amphoteric, dissolving in non-oxidising acids to give the blue vanadyl ion, [VO] 2+ and in alkali to give the brown [V 4 O 9] 2− ion, or at high pH [VO 4] 4−. [4]
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO. It is one of the several binary vanadium oxides.It adopts a distorted NaCl structure and contains weak V−V metal to metal bonds.
Examples of these phases include V 3 O 7, V 4 O 9 and V 6 O 13. [1] Phases with the general formula V n O 2n−1 exist between VO 2 and V 2 O 3. [1] Called Magnéli phases for Arne Magnéli, [2] they are examples of crystallographic shear compounds based on the rutile structure. [1] Examples of Magnéli phases include V 4 O 7, V 5 O 9, V 6 O 11 ...
VO 2+, often in an ionic pairing with sodium (NaH 2 VO 4), is the second most abundant transition metal in seawater, with its concentration only being exceeded by molybdenum. [4] In the ocean the average concentration is 30 nM. Some mineral water springs also contain the ion in high concentrations.
V̇O 2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. [1] [2] The name is derived from three abbreviations: "V̇" for volume (the dot over the V indicates "per unit of time" in Newton's notation), "O 2" for oxygen, and "max" for maximum and usually normalized per kilogram of ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 ...
The formula from Léger and Mercier [4] links the V̇O 2 max to the vV̇O 2 max, supposing an ideal running technique. vV̇O 2 max = V̇O 2 max / 3.5. where vV̇O 2 max is in km/h and V̇O 2 max is in mL/(kg•min). Note: This formula is identical to that used to calculate the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score for a given V̇O 2 max ...
The multi-stage fitness test is also part of most health-related fitness test batteries for children and adolescents, such as Eurofit, [3] Alpha-fit, [3] FitnessGram [4] [3] and ASSOFTB. [ 5 ] The multi-stage fitness test was first described by Luc Léger [ 6 ] with the original 1-minute protocol, which starts at a speed of 8.5 km/h, and ...