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Diagnosis in young healthy women can be based on symptoms alone. [4] In those with vague symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult because bacteria may be present without there being an infection. [14] In complicated cases or if treatment fails, a urine culture may be useful. [3]
Pyuria is the condition of urine containing white blood cells or pus. Defined as the presence of 6-10 or more neutrophils per high power field of unspun, voided mid-stream urine, it can be a sign of a bacterial urinary tract infection. Pyuria may be present in people with sepsis, or in older people with pneumonia.
Urethral syndrome is defined as symptoms suggestive of a lower urinary tract infection but in the absence of significant bacteriuria with a conventional pathogen. [1] It is a diagnosis of exclusion in patients with dysuria and frequency without demonstrable infection. [2] In women, vaginitis should also be ruled out. [3]
Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. [1] [2] Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture. [3] Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found. [1] People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition. [3] Differential diagnosis include ...
Large studies of patients have also failed to show any correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms and a specific diagnosis. [11] Also, recently a report of lower urinary tract symptoms even with malignant features in the prostate failed to be associated with prostate cancer after further laboratory investigation of the biopsy. [10]
This constellation of symptoms contrasts with the classical presentation of nephrotic syndrome (excessive proteinuria >3.5 g/day, low plasma albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) <3 g/L, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia). [8] [10] Signs and symptoms that are consistent with nephritic syndrome include: Hematuria (red blood cells in the urine) [11]
The most common cause of polyuria in both adults and children is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, [6] which causes osmotic diuresis; when glucose levels are so high that glucose is excreted in the urine. Water follows the glucose concentration passively, leading to abnormally high urine output.
The most common cause of this condition for women and children is a urinary tract infection. The most common cause of urinary frequency in older men is an enlarged prostate. [2] Frequent urination is strongly associated with frequent incidents of urinary urgency, which is the sudden need to urinate.