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Denmark originally obtained four opt-outs from the Maastricht Treaty following the treaty's initial rejection in a 1992 referendum.These opt-outs are outlined in the Edinburgh Agreement and concern the Economic and monetary union (EMU), the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), Justice and Home Affairs (then JHA, now PJCC) and the citizenship of the European Union.
The defence opt-out meant that Denmark did not participate in the Common Security and Defence Policy or EU military operations. [5] In addition, the opt-out meant that Denmark did not participate in the decision processes in the EU related to military operations. [6] This is the third referendum to be held in relation to the country's opt-outs.
The opt-out from the JHA policy area was originally obtained by Ireland and the United Kingdom in a protocol to the Treaty of Amsterdam of 1997, and was retained by both in the Treaty of Lisbon. [4] In contrast, Denmark has a more rigid opt-out from the area of freedom, security and justice.
Election posters in Copenhagen. A referendum on one of the country's opt-outs from the European Union was held in Denmark on 3 December 2015. Specifically, the referendum was on whether to convert Denmark's current full opt-out on home and justice matters into an opt-out with case-by-case opt-in similar to those held by Ireland and the United Kingdom.
Denmark must answer accusations at the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on Monday that its policy of demolishing minority-heavy neighbourhoods to promote integration amounts to racial discrimination.
The opt-out from the CSDP, also known as the "defence opt-out", originally meant Denmark would not be obliged to join the Western European Union (which originally handled the defence tasks of the EU). The abolition of the defence opt-out was put to a referendum on 1 June 2022, where Denmark voted to abolish it. Until 1 June 2022, the defence ...
However, the official letter Faber sent to the European Commission is more nuanced and shows the Netherlands is not trying to opt out now from the EU's newly agreed immigration pact, which was ...
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