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The Battle of Kadesh took place in the 13th century BC between the Egyptian Empire led by pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire led by king Muwatalli II.Their armies engaged each other at the Orontes River, just upstream of Lake Homs and near the archaeological site of Kadesh, along what is today the Lebanon–Syria border.
The treaty was signed to end a long war between the Hittite Empire and the Egyptians, who had fought for over two centuries to gain mastery over the lands of the eastern Mediterranean. The conflict culminated with an attempted Egyptian invasion in 1274 BC that was stopped by the Hittites at the city of Kadesh on the Orontes River in what is now ...
The New Kingdom of Egypt reached the zenith of its power under Seti I and Ramesses II ("The Great"), who campaigned vigorously against the Libyans and the Hittites. The city of Kadesh was first captured by Seti I, who decided to concede it to Muwatalli of Hatti in an informal peace treaty between Egypt and Hatti.
The tablets and monuments date from the Old Hittite Kingdom (1650–1500 BC) to what is known as the New Hittite Kingdom (1500–1180 BC). [99] Between these time periods, different translations can be found that modernize the language [ 100 ] and create a series of legal reforms in which many crimes [ 97 ] [ 99 ] are given more humane punishments.
Kadesh (Syria) or Qadesh, an ancient city of the Levant, on or near the headwaters or a ford of the Orontes River Tell al-Nabi Mando, also called Qadesh and adjacent to the ancient site; Battle of Kadesh or Battle of Qadesh, was a battle between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II
Kadesh came under Mitanni influence following the decline of the Old Hittite Kingdom, following the murder of Mursili I of Hatti (c. 1587 BCE). From the Habur region emerged the Mitanni as a confederatation. Around 1520 BCE, Thutmosis I campaigned north into Syria against the Mitanni, along with Aram, an ally of Kadesh.
The Poem of Pentaur (pntAwr.t), usually short referred to as the Poem is known from eight inscriptions, [2] and lists the peoples which went to Kadesh as allies of the Hittites. Amongst them are some of the Sea Peoples and many of the other peoples who would later take part in battles of the 12th century BC (see Battle of Kadesh).
Soldiers from the Lukka lands fought on the Hittite side in the famous Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274 BC) against the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II. A century later, the Lukka had turned against the Hittites. The Hittite king Suppiluliuma II tried in vain to defeat the Lukka. They contributed to the collapse of the Hittite Empire.