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But the treatments were not as effective as doctors had hoped. One problem was that patients reacted to the mouse antibodies as if they were a foreign substance, and created a new set of antibodies to the mouse antibodies. Doctors have termed this the “HAMA response,” referring to the development of Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies (HAMA).
Heterophile antibodies are IgM antibodies with affinity for sheep and horse red blood cells. They appear during the first week of infectious mononucleosis symptoms, 3–4 weeks after infection and return to undetectable levels 3 to 6 months after infection. Heterophile antibody is a fairly specific but insensitive test for EBV.
Minretumomab (CC49) is a mouse monoclonal antibody [1] that was designed for the treatment of cancers that express the TAG-72 antigen. This includes breast, colon, lung, and pancreatic cancers. [2] [3] Apparently, it never got past Phase I clinical trials for this purpose. [4]
The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement proteins attached to the surface of red blood cells. To perform the test, a blood sample is taken and the red blood cells are washed (removing the patient's plasma and unbound antibodies from the red blood cells) and then incubated with anti-human globulin ("Coombs reagent").
These are the six different human immunoglobulin antibodies that anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies can recognize via laboratory testing. Anti-antibodies for human purposes are able to recognize IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD, and IgG. To detect all isotypes of human antibodies, anti-human kappa and lambda light chain antibodies are available. [2]
Some patients develop human anti-mouse antibodies, so there is the theoretical possibility of anaphylactic reactions. High doses of IMMU-4 (up to 20-fold diagnostic arcitumomab dose) have not led to any serious events. One patient has been reported to develop a grand mal after application. [1] Radioactivity can lead to radiation poisoning.
In comparison to antibodies derived from hybridoma cell lines the recombinant antibodies do not cause immunogenicity, the infamous human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA). [4] [21] Further advantages show afucosylated recombinant antibodies which are used successfully in the fight against cancer. [31] These were the top advantages for use in patients.
Ranibizumab, sold under the brand name Lucentis among others, is a monoclonal antibody fragment created from the same parent mouse antibody as bevacizumab.It is an anti-angiogenic [16] that is approved to treat the "wet" type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD, also ARMD), diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion or central retinal vein occlusion.