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Bivalent which promoters and poised enhancers are regulatory regions decorated with histone marks that are associated with both positive and negative transcriptional outcomes. Finally, we highlight the potential link between bivalency and cancer which could drive biomedical research in disease etiology and treatment.
The tetrad is the four spores produced after meiosis of a yeast or other Ascomycota, Chlamydomonas or other alga, or a plant. After parent haploids mate, they produce diploids. Under appropriate environmental conditions, diploids sporulate and undergo meiosis. The meiotic products, spores, remain packaged in the parental cell body to produce ...
In genetics, a chiasma (pl.: chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur between both chromatids, what is called a chromosomal crossover, but this is much more frequent during meiosis than mitosis. [1]
The finding of an interaction between a SC structural component [synaptonemal central element protein 2 (SYCE2)] and recombinational repair protein RAD51 also suggests a role for the SC in DNA repair. In cell development the synaptonemal complex disappears during the late prophase of meiosis I. It is formed during zygotene.
[2] In zygotene, the synaptonemal complex forms more extensively between the paired chromosomes. It zips the homologs together along their entire length, with the lateral elements of the complex associated with each chromosome and the central region holding them together. This allows intimate pairing and genetic recombination events. [3] [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 February 2025. Cell division producing haploid gametes For the figure of speech, see Meiosis (figure of speech). For the process whereby cell nuclei divide to produce two copies of themselves, see Mitosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
Cohesin crosslinking occurs between the homologous chromosomes and helps them resist being pulled apart until anaphase. [8] Genetic crossing-over , a type of recombination, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I. [ 10 ] In addition, another type of recombination referred to as synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) frequently occurs.
A key event is the initiation of synapsis between homologous chromosomes, which carry the same genetic information but may have different allelic variations. The homologous chromosomes begin pairing and association along their lengths, facilitated by lateral (axial) elements of the synaptonemal complex protein structure that forms between the ...