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The Lord's Prayer in Gregg and a variety of 19th-century systems Dutch stenography using the "System Groote". Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.
Spencerian script is a handwriting script style based on Copperplate script that was used in the United States from approximately 1850 to 1925, [1] [2] and was considered the American de facto standard writing style for business correspondence prior to the widespread adoption of the typewriter.
Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Short-Writing [60] 1690: Theophilus Metcalfe: English: Simson Shorthand [61] 1881: James Simson: English: Speedwriting [62] 1924: Emma Dearborn: English: State Unified Stenography System (GESS) [63] 1937: Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov: Russian: Used in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet ...
By the nineteenth century, attention was increasingly given to developing quality penmanship in Eastern schools. Countries that had a writing system based on logographs and syllabaries placed particular emphasis on form and quality when learning. [27] These countries, such as China and Japan, have pictophonetic characters that are difficult to ...
D'Nealian, a style of writing and teaching cursive and manuscript adapted from the Palmer Method; Zaner-Bloser script, another streamlined form of Spencerian script; Library hand another 19th-century script developed by Melvil Dewey and Thomas Edison; Round hand, a style of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England in the 1660s
In 19th-century handwriting, these terminals were often elevated, that is to say written as superscripts (e.g. 2 nd, 34 th). With the gradual introduction of the typewriter in the late 19th century, it became common to write them on the baseline in typewritten texts, [ 17 ] and this usage even became recommended in certain 20th-century style ...
R rotunda substituting for Tironian et in the abbreviation etc. in a German print from 1845 In blackletter texts (especially in German printing), it was still used in the abbreviation ⁊c. meaning etc. (for et cetera ) throughout the 19th century.