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The term culture-bound syndrome is controversial since it reflects the different opinions of anthropologists and psychiatrists. [4] Anthropologists have a tendency to emphasize the relativistic and culture-specific dimensions of the syndromes, while physicians tend to emphasize the universal and neuropsychological dimensions.
In 1983, psychiatrist Keh-Ming Lin from UCLA Medical Center suggested that hwabyeong was a culture-bond syndrome, after treating three Korean-American women. The word hwabyeong is composed of hwa (the Sino-Korean word 火 for "fire" which can also contextually mean "anger") and byeong (the Sino-Korean word 病 for "syndrome" or "illness"). [5]
Latah was included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV under the "Dissociative Disorder: Not Otherwise Specified" section as a culture-bound syndrome. DSM IV describes latah as a hypersensitivity to sudden fright, often with echopraxia , echolalia , command obedience , and dissociative or trancelike behavior.
This culture-bound syndrome is a social phobia based on fear and anxiety. [ citation needed ] The symptoms of this disorder include avoiding social outings and activities, rapid heartbeat , shortness of breath , panic attacks , trembling , and feelings of dread and panic when around people.
Reflecting advances in medical anthropology, DSM-5 replaced the term "culture-bound syndrome" with a set of terms covering cultural concepts of distress: cultural syndromes (which may not be bound to a specific culture but circulate across cultures); cultural idioms of distress (local modes of expressing suffering that may not be syndromes ...
Ghost sickness is a culture-bound syndrome among some indigenous peoples in North America and Polynesian peoples in which people are preoccupied with the deceased or consumed by pathological grief. Reported symptoms can include general weakness, loss of appetite, suffocation feelings, recurring nightmares, and a
In 2011, a possible outbreak of mass psychogenic illness occurred at Le Roy Junior-Senior High School, in upstate New York, US, in which multiple students began having symptoms similar to Tourette syndrome. Various health professionals ruled out such factors as Gardasil, drinking water contamination, illegal drugs, carbon monoxide poisoning and ...
Latah is a culture-specific syndrome usually seen in Southeast Asia and involves startle-induced disorganization, hypersuggestibility, automatic obedience, and echopraxia (a tendency to mimic examiner's or other person's actions). It is usually associated with women.