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Involvement of the cervical lymph nodes with metastatic cancer is the single most important prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and may be associated with a halving of survival. Where the cancer has penetrated the capsule of the lymph gland (extracapsular extension) survival may be decreased by a further 50%.
Lymph nodes may become enlarged in malignant disease. This cervical lymphadenopathy may be reactive or metastatic. [1] Alternatively, enlarged lymph nodes may represent a primary malignancy of the lymphatic system itself, such as lymphoma (both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), [6] lymphocytic leukemia, [1] Lymphadenopathy that lasts less than two weeks or more than one year with no progressive ...
Infectious lymphadenitis affecting lymph nodes in the neck is often called scrofula. Lymphadenopathy is a common and nonspecific sign. Common causes include infections (from minor causes such as the common cold and post-vaccination swelling to serious ones such as HIV/AIDS), autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Reed–Sternberg cell variants and inflammation, usually broad sclerotic bands that consist of collagen CD15, CD30 Most common in young adults, often arises in the mediastinum or cervical lymph nodes. Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma; Second-most common form of Hodgkin lymphoma Many classic Reed–Sternberg cells and inflammation CD15, CD30
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the patient's lymph nodes. [2] [8] The condition was named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin, who first described it in 1832.
These are taken up by cells throughout the body called antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. [26] These antigen presenting cells enter the lymph system and then lymph nodes. They present the antigen to T cells and, if there is a T cell with the appropriate T cell receptor, it will be activated. [25]
A dad, 45, had what seemed like a pinched nerve. It was a sign of a cancerous thymoma. Chest pain, shortness of breath were signs of his thymoma.
The term 'cervical' refers to the cervical lymph nodes in the neck; it is unrelated to the cervix. The alternative name scrofula comes from the medieval Latin scrōfula , diminutive of scrōfa , meaning brood sow , because swine were supposed to be subject to the complaint, [ citation needed ] or because the line of elevated lymph nodes was ...