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Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a model of behavior based on the properties of negative feedback control loops. A control loop maintains a sensed variable at or near a reference value by means of the effects of its outputs upon that variable, as mediated by physical properties of the environment.
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William T. Powers (August 29, 1926 – May 24, 2013) was a medical physicist and an independent scholar of experimental and theoretical psychology [1] [2] [3] who developed the perceptual control theory (PCT) model of behavior as the control of perception.
The Method of Levels originated in Bill Powers’ phenomenological investigations into the mobility of awareness relative to the perceptual hierarchy. [3] He prepared a description of it for his 1973 book, Behavior: The Control of Perception, but the editor persuaded him to remove that chapter and the chapter on emotion. [4]
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Gary Cziko is an American researcher, and author [1] in the field of educational psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign who has worked on the philosophical model known as perceptual control theory (PCT) – a model whose original developer, William T. Powers, was his mentor. [2]
A key insight of PCT is that the controlled variable is not the output of the system (the behavioral actions), but its input, "perception". The theory came to be known as "perceptual control theory" to distinguish from those control theorists that assert or assume that it is the system's output that is controlled.
Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a psychological theory of animal and human behavior originated by William T. Powers. In contrast with other theories of psychology and behavior, which assume that behavior is a function of perception – that perceptual inputs determine or cause behavior – PCT postulates that an organism's behavior is a ...