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Surface roughness, often shortened to roughness, is a component of surface finish (surface texture). It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth.
Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. [1] It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane ).
A drill bit with surface finishing to make the cutting edges harder. Surface finishing is a broad range of industrial processes that alter the surface of a manufactured item to achieve a certain property. [1]
Surface finish may be measured in two ways: contact and non-contact methods. Contact methods involve dragging a measurement stylus across the surface; these instruments are called profilometers . Non-contact methods include: interferometry , digital holography , confocal microscopy , focus variation , structured light , electrical capacitance ...
RHR: roughness height reading: See surface roughness. RL Reduced Level or Relative Level Surface Level RMA: return material authorization: See also RTV. RMS: root mean square: RMS in general is a statistical technique to define a representative value for a group of data points.
Nesting index: index corresponding to the cut-off wavelength of a linear filter, or to the scale of the structuring element of a morphological filter. Under 25178, industry-specific taxonomies such as roughness vs waviness are replaced by the more general concept of "scale limited surface" and "cut-off" by "nesting index".
Waviness measurements are not as common as roughness measurement however there are important applications. For example, waviness in bearing balls and bearing races is one of the reasons for vibrations and noise in ball bearings. Other application examples are waviness in flat milled sealing surfaces, "orange peel" on painted surfaces, and ...
Roughness length, roughness as applied in meteorology; International Roughness Index, the roughness of a road; Hydraulic roughness, the roughness of land and waterway features; Roughness (psychophysics) in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance; The 'roughness' of a line or surface, measured numerically by the Hausdorff dimension