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Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety.
English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system.
List of languages Language Language family Phonemes Notes Ref Total Consonants Vowels, [clarification needed] tones and stress Arabic (Standard) Afroasiatic: 34: 28 6 Number of phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic, without counting the long vowels /eː/ and /oː/ which are phonemic in Mashriqi dialects or other dialectal phonemes.
This process is common across languages and can happen within a word or between words. For example, in English "handbag" ( / ˈ h æ n d b æ ɡ / ), the [n] often shifts to [ m ] in rapid speech , becoming / ˈ h æ m b æ ɡ / , because [ m ] and [ b ] are both bilabial (produced with both lips ), and their places of articulation are similar.
In phonology, particularly within historical linguistics, dissimilation is a phenomenon whereby similar consonants or vowels in a word become less similar or elided. In English , dissimilation is particularly common with liquid consonants such as /r/ and /l/ when they occur in a sequence.
Language specificity: A phonological rule that is present in one language may not be present in other languages, or even in all dialects of a given language. Productivity: Phonological rules apply even to new words. For example, if an English speaker is asked to pronounce the plural of the nonsense word "wug" (i.e. "wugs"), they pronounce the ...
For example, the left superior temporal gyrus is stimulated by language in both spoken and signed forms, even though it was once assumed it was only affected by auditory stimuli. [ 16 ] No matter the mode of language being used, whether it be spoken or signed, the brain processes language by segmenting the smallest phonological units and ...
In other words, a language develops a new system of oppositions among its phonemes. Old contrasts may disappear, new ones may emerge, or they may simply be rearranged. [1] Sound change may be an impetus for changes in the phonological structures of a language (and likewise, phonological change may sway the process of sound change). [1]