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Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...
This ambiguity is also reflected on the level of the philosophy of education, which encompasses the study of the philosophical presuppositions and issues both of education as a process and as a discipline. [10] Many works in the philosophy of education focus explicitly or implicitly on the education happening in schools.
Normalization as the basis for education of community personnel in Great Britain is reflected in a 1990s reader, highlighting Wolf Wolfensberger's moral concerns as a Christian, right activist, side-by-side ("How to Function with Personal Model Coherency in a Dysfunctional (Human Service) World") with the common form of normalization training ...
Lave received a Bachelor's from Stanford University, [1] and completed her doctorate in social anthropology at Harvard University in 1968. She taught at the University of California, Irvine and is currently a professor emerita of geography at the University of California, Berkeley.
Multicultural education focuses on an "intercultural model that advances a climate of inclusion where individual and group differences are valued." [ 6 ] Critics such as Sleeter and McLaren want increased emphasis on a critique of racism in education [ 20 ] rather than allowing the superficial exposure of cultures to be the standard.
Zero reject is an educational philosophy which says that no child can be denied an education because they are "uneducable". [1] It is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which is the main special education law that seeks to guarantee free and public education for students with disabilities. [2]
Because the law does not clearly state to what degree the least restrictive environment is, courts have had to interpret the LRE principle. In a landmark case interpreting IDEA's predecessor statute (EHA), Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989), it was determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.
Holistic education is a movement in education that seeks to engage all aspects of the learner, including mind, body, and spirit. [1] Its philosophy, which is also identified as holistic learning theory, [2] is based on the premise that each person finds identity, meaning, and purpose in life through connections to their local community, to the natural world, and to humanitarian values such as ...