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The roots are shallow, widely spread, and send up suckers. [12] The numerous stems per plant become scaly with age. The tree has a crown width and height of 10 feet at maturity. [16] The branches are thorny. The leaves are alternately arranged, with an oval shape. The leaf length is usually 5.1–10.2 centimetres (2–4 inches) long.
The immature cones are green, maturing gray-brown 5–7 months after pollination. They are usually plentiful enough to cover the ground beneath the tree. [6] The abundant seeds are brown, 2–3 mm (3 ⁄ 32 – 1 ⁄ 8 in) long, with a slender, pale-brown wing measuring 7–9 mm (9 ⁄ 32 – 11 ⁄ 32 in) long. [4] [5] [6]
The roots of a tree serve to anchor it to the ground and gather water and nutrients to transfer to all parts of the tree. They are also used for reproduction, defence, survival, energy storage and many other purposes. The radicle or embryonic root is the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during the process of germination.
They often constitute early successional species of their landscapes. Roots are shallow and wide spreading; lateral root growth in a forest may be as far as 60 feet (18 m). [4] Generally, four to five lateral roots originate from the tree, and then branch within 2 feet (60 cm); vertical, penetrating roots near the base anchor the tree.
Aerial roots are roots growing above the ground. They are often adventitious , i.e. formed from nonroot tissue. They are found in diverse plant species, including epiphytes such as orchids ( Orchidaceae ), tropical coastal swamp trees such as mangroves , banyan figs ( Ficus subg.
Lowland or swamp-grown cypresses found in flooded or flood-prone areas tend to be buttressed and "kneed," as opposed to cypresses grown on higher ground, which may grow with very little taper. Trees that develop these "knees" include: Glyptostrobus; Bald cypress; Pond cypress; Ahuehuete; Metasequoia [citation needed]
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It has relatively deep roots and propagates relatively rapidly horizontally from its root system but grows to only 2–5 inches (5–13 cm) in above-ground height, basically eliminating the need for mowing lawns that use it. It cannot be reproduced by seed and thus depends on sod plugs or sprigging for its production. [13]