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  2. Equivalence class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_class

    The set of the equivalence classes is sometimes called the quotient set or the quotient space of by , and is denoted by /. When the set S {\displaystyle S} has some structure (such as a group operation or a topology ) and the equivalence relation ∼ {\displaystyle \,\sim \,} is compatible with this structure, the quotient set often inherits a ...

  3. Equivalence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation

    The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. A simpler example is equality. ... of a set are equivalent ...

  4. Set (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(mathematics)

    A set of polygons in an Euler diagram This set equals the one depicted above since both have the very same elements.. In mathematics, a set is a collection of different [1] things; [2] [3] [4] these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects of any kind: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical shapes, variables, or even other ...

  5. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

    This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.

  6. Congruence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_relation

    For example, a group is an algebraic object consisting of a set together with a single binary operation, satisfying certain axioms. If G {\displaystyle G} is a group with operation ∗ {\displaystyle \ast } , a congruence relation on G {\displaystyle G} is an equivalence relation ≡ {\displaystyle \equiv } on the elements of G {\displaystyle G ...

  7. Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_definitions_of...

    In mathematics, equivalent definitions are used in two somewhat different ways. First, within a particular mathematical theory (for example, Euclidean geometry), a notion (for example, ellipse or minimal surface) may have more than one definition.

  8. Equinumerosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinumerosity

    In some other systems of axiomatic set theory, for example in Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory and Morse–Kelley set theory, relations are extended to classes. A set A is said to have cardinality smaller than or equal to the cardinality of a set B, if there exists a one-to-one function (an injection) from A into B.

  9. Equivalence of categories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_of_categories

    On the other hand, though the above properties guarantee the existence of a categorical equivalence (given a sufficiently strong version of the axiom of choice in the underlying set theory), the missing data is not completely specified, and often there are many choices. It is a good idea to specify the missing constructions explicitly whenever ...

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