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The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is an international treaty establishing an individual complaint mechanism for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and entered into force on 23 March 1976.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial. [4]
Case opinions: opinions: A very brief summary of the major findings or holdings in the case. Many case reports will have headnotes or summaries of the holdings that can be modified and entered into this field. String: optional: Judge(s) judge judges Membership: Judge(s) sitting on the case, in order of precedence. Wikilink names where articles ...
The first report is due within two years of ratifying the Covenant; thereafter reports are due every five years. [73] The Committee examines each report and addresses its concerns and recommendations to the State party in the form of "concluding observations". The Committee typically meets every May and November in Geneva. [74]
In 1966, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.The Covenant obliged its parties to recognise and progressively implement economic, social, and cultural rights, including labour rights and right to health, right to education, and right to an adequate standard of living, but did not include any mechanism by which these ...
It consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted in 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966) with its two Optional Protocols and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966). The two covenants entered into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of ...
Lawless v Ireland (1957–1961) was the first international court case decision that involved the interpretation of international human rights law and the first one filed against a country. It was referred to the European Court of Human Rights and the judgement by that court was its first.
The ICCPR applies to Hong Kong primarily through the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (BORO), which was enacted in 1991. In fact, the BORO was the subject of many cases of judicial review before 1997. In particular, R v Sin Yau Ming, a 1992 case involving the presumption of innocence in the BORO, set the stage for future judicial review. With ...