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The noise factor is defined as the ratio of the output noise power of a device to the portion thereof attributable to thermal noise in the input termination at standard noise temperature T 0 (usually 290 K). The noise factor is thus the ratio of actual output noise to that which would remain if the device itself did not introduce noise, which ...
Friis's formula is used to calculate the total noise factor of a cascade of stages, each with its own noise factor and power gain (assuming that the impedances are matched at each stage). The total noise factor can then be used to calculate the total noise figure. The total noise factor is given as
Here, k ≈ 1.38 × 10 −23 J/K is the Boltzmann constant and kT 0 is the available noise power density (the noise is thermal noise, Johnson noise). As a numerical example: A receiver has a bandwidth of 100 MHz , a noise figure of 1.5 dB and the physical temperature of the system is 290 K .
The noise factor (a linear term) is more often expressed as the noise figure (in decibels) using the conversion: = The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise ...
The Y-factor method is a common measurement technique for this purpose. [1] By using a noise diode, the output noise of an amplifier is measured using two input noise levels, and by measuring the output noise factor (referred to as Y) the noise figure of the amplifier can be determined without having to measure the amplifier gain.
1/f noise; A-weighting; Ambient noise level; Antenna noise temperature; Artificial noise; Audio noise reduction; Audio system measurements; Black noise; Blue noise; Burst noise; Carrier-to-receiver noise density; Channel noise level; Circuit noise level; Colors of noise; Comfort noise; Comfort noise generator; Cosmic noise; Crackling noise; DBa ...
In RF applications, noise power is defined using the relationship P noise = kTB, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the noise temperature, and B is the noise bandwidth. Typically the noise bandwidth is determined by the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency (IF) filter of the radio receiver. Thus, we can define the noise temperature as:
Download QR code; Print/export ... telecommunications engineering and other related engineering problems, coding gain is the measure in the difference between the ...