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Static routes are used with and without dynamic Routing protocols and usually share the same routing table as those protocols. [1] Routes require at least two attributes; the destination and the gateway, but may contain additional attributes such as a metric (sometimes called the administrative distance).
The device to which the default route points is often called the default gateway, and it often carries out other functions such as packet filtering, firewalling, or proxy server operations. The default route in Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is designated as the zero address, 0.0.0.0 / 0 in CIDR notation. [2]
The default gateway can be specified by the route command to configure the node's routing table and default route. In a home or small office environment, the default gateway is a device, such as a DSL router or cable router, that connects the local network to the Internet. It serves as the default gateway for all network devices.
When multiple route table entries match, the entry with the longest subnet mask is chosen as it is the most specific one. [2] If there are multiple routes with the same subnet mask, the route with the lowest metric is used. If there are multiple default routes, the metric is also used to determine which to use.
To do this, a router needs to search the routing information stored in its routing table. The routing table contains network/next hop associations. These associations tell a router that a particular destination can be optimally reached by sending the packet to a specific router that represents the next hop on the way to the final destination.
Once a route has been selected, the routing information database is updated. If two routes have the same administrative distance, the router uses its vendor-specific algorithm to determine which route should be installed. [2] Cisco routers simply ignore the values and fall back to the default values, which are never the same. [4]
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A stub network, or pocket network, is a somewhat casual term describing a computer network, or part of an internetwork, with no knowledge of other networks, that will typically send much or all of its non-local traffic out via a single path, with the network aware only of a default route to non-local destinations.