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Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands found in cells. It is similar to DNA but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom. [ 1 ] Despite the structural similarities, much less is known about dsRNA.
RNA recombination appears to be a major driving force in determining genome architecture and the course of viral evolution among picornaviridae (e.g. poliovirus). [21] In the retroviridae ((+)ssRNA)(e.g. HIV), damage in the RNA genome appears to be avoided during reverse transcription by strand switching, a form of recombination. [22] [23]
Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DICER1 gene.Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA, respectively.
The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structure of the hairpins in a pri-miRNA is recognized by a nuclear protein known as DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 (DGCR8 or "Pasha" in invertebrates), named for its association with DiGeorge Syndrome. DGCR8 associates with the enzyme Drosha, a protein that cuts RNA, to form the Microprocessor complex.
Viruses containing positive-strand RNA or double-strand RNA, except retroviruses and Birnaviridae. All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage, such as Coronaviridae; All RNA-containing bacteriophages; the two families of RNA-containing bacteriophages are Fiersviridae (positive ssRNA phages) and Cystoviridae (dsRNA phages)
These types of false-positive variants are filtered out by the duplex sequencing method since mutations need to be accurately matched in both strands of DNA to be validated as true mutations. Duplex sequencing can theoretically detect mutations with frequencies as low as 10 −8 compared to the 10 −2 rate of standard NGS methods. [1] [2] [10]
Reverse transcriptase again synthesizes another DNA strand from the attached primer resulting in double stranded DNA. T7 RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region on the double strand. Since T7 RNA polymerase can only transcribe in the 3' to 5' direction [15] the sense DNA is transcribed and an anti-sense RNA is produced. This is repeated ...
Lentiviral delivery of designed shRNAs and the mechanism of RNA interference in mammalian cells. RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression.
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