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Avram Noam Chomsky [a] (born December 7, 1928) is an American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism. Sometimes called "the father of modern linguistics", [ b ] Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science .
Chomsky is often described as one of the best-known figures of the American Left, although he doesn't agree with the usage of the term.He has described himself as a "fellow traveller" to the anarchist tradition, and refers to himself as a libertarian socialist, a political philosophy he summarizes as challenging all forms of authority and attempting to eliminate them if they are unjustified ...
Chomsky's use of the term performance to cover everything that does not fall within the scope of a deliberately idealized and theoretically restricted concept of linguistic competence, was perhaps unfortunate. [13] Dell Hymes, quoting Lyons as above, says that "probably now there is widespread agreement" with the above statement. [14]
The term linguistic performance was used by Noam Chomsky in 1960 to describe "the actual use of language in concrete situations". [1] It is used to describe both the production, sometimes called parole, as well as the comprehension of language. [2]
Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky.The basic postulate of UG is that there are innate constraints on what the grammar of a possible human language could be.
The term was coined by Dell Hymes in 1966, [3] reacting against the perceived inadequacy of Noam Chomsky's (1965) distinction between linguistic competence and performance. [4] To address Chomsky's abstract notion of competence, Hymes undertook ethnographic exploration of communicative competence that included "communicative form and function ...
Viertel's English translations of Humboldt's works influenced Chomsky at this time and made him abandon Saussurian views of linguistics. [6] Chomsky also collaborated with visiting French mathematician Marcel-Paul Schützenberger , and was able to formulate one of the most important theorems of formal linguistics, the Chomsky-Schützenberger ...
Decoding Chomsky: Science and Revolutionary Politics is a 2016 book by the anthropologist Chris Knight on Noam Chomsky's approach to politics and science. Knight admires Chomsky's politics, but argues that his linguistic theories were influenced in damaging ways by his immersion since the early 1950s in an intellectual culture heavily dominated by US military priorities, an immersion deepened ...