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The nitroprusside reaction is a chemical test used to detect the presence of thiol groups of cysteine in proteins. Proteins with the free thiol group give a red colour when added to a solution of sodium nitroprusside in aqueous ammonia. Some proteins test positive when denatured, indicating that thiol groups are liberated. [62] [63] [64]
Millon's reagent is an analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble proteins. A few drops of the reagent are added to the test solution, which is then heated gently. A reddish-brown coloration or precipitate indicates the presence of tyrosine residue which occur in nearly all proteins. [1]
The nitroprusside anion, [Fe(CN) 5 NO] 2−, a mixed nitrosyl cyano complex, has pharmaceutical applications as a slow release agent for NO. The signalling function of NO is effected via its complexation to haem proteins, where it binds in the bent geometry. Nitric oxide also attacks iron-sulfur proteins giving dinitrosyl iron complexes.
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In biochemistry, dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC's) are coordination complexes with the formula [Fe(NO) 2 (SR) 2] −. Together with Roussin esters (Fe 2 (NO) 4 (SR) 2), they result from the degradation of iron-sulfur proteins by nitric oxide. Commonly the thiolate ligands are cysteinyl residues or glutathione.
Nitrosylation results in a molecule "R" adducted with the group N=O. Nitrosation and nitrosylation are two names for the process of converting organic compounds or metal complexes [1] into nitroso derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the R−NO functionality.
When exposed to an amine, reaction with acetaldehyde produces the enamine, which subsequently reacts with sodium nitroprusside to the imine. Finally, the iminium salt is hydrolysed to the bright blue [1] Simon-Awe complex. [3] [5]
The Jaffe reaction is a colorimetric method used in clinical chemistry to determine creatinine levels in blood and urine. In 1886, Max Jaffe (1841–1911) wrote about its basic principles in the paper Über den Niederschlag, welchen Pikrinsäure in normalem Harn erzeugt und über eine neue Reaction des Kreatinins in which he described the properties of creatinine and picric acid in an alkaline ...