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Schematic of the relation between an immunoglobulin and RAGE Schematic of the RAGE gene and its products. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), also called AGER, is a 35 kilodalton transmembrane receptor [5] of the immunoglobulin super family which was first characterized in 1992 by Neeper et al. [6] Its name comes from its ability to bind advanced glycation endproducts (), which ...
A receptor nicknamed RAGE, from receptor for advanced glycation end products, is found on many cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle, cells of the immune system [which?] from tissue such as lung, liver, and kidney. [clarification needed] [which?
Azeliragon (TTP488 or PF-04494700) is a small-molecule RAGE inhibitor. It is developed by vTv Therapeutics for various cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer, [1] [2] pancreatic cancer. [3] The chemical reached Phase III trials in slowing cognitive deterioration in early stage Alzheimer's disease patients.
Like other S100 proteins, S100A12 signals through the RAGE receptor and TLR. In general, this signalling leads to cytokine production, chemotaxis and increased oxidative stress. In endothelial cells, this signaling leads to activation of NFκB, under which the production of adhesion molecules such as ICAMs, VCAM or selectins is increased. [10]
HMGB1 has to interact with p53. [15] [16]HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that binds to DNA and acts as an architectural chromatin-binding factor. It can also be released from cells, in which extracellular form it can bind the inflammatory receptor RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
Once a DAMP is released from the cell, it promotes a noninfectious inflammatory response by binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR). [4] Inflammation is a key aspect of the innate immune response; it is used to help mitigate future damage to the organism by removing harmful invaders from the affected area and start the healing process ...
5891 26448 Ensembl ENSG00000080823 ENSMUSG00000056458 UniProt Q9UQ07 Q9WVS4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001272011 NM_014226 NM_001330234 NM_001353827 NM_001353828 NM_001353829 NM_001353830 NM_001353831 NM_001353832 NM_011973 RefSeq (protein) NP_001258940 NP_001317163 NP_055041 NP_001340756 NP_001340757 NP_001340758 NP_001340759 NP_001340760 NP_001340761 NP_036103 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 102.22 – 102.31 ...
In addition, they can interact with the RAGE receptor to cause oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Due to neutrophil changes, microbiological changes, and chronic inflammation, patients with hyperglycemia are thus more prone to severe respiratory infections.