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LifeAct is a 17 amino acid recombinant peptide that stains filamentous actin (F-actin) structures of eukaryotic living or fixed cells. [1] There are several types and combinations of LifeAct that can be utilized depending on the cell type, protocol, and purpose of the analysis.
7-AAD is also used as a cell viability stain. Cells with compromised membranes will stain with 7-AAD, while live cells with intact cell membranes will remain dark. Viability of the cells in flow cytometry should be around 95% but not less than 90%. [4] Flow cytometry using 7-AAD, wherein a lower signal indicates viable cells. Therefore, this ...
The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941. [1] However, immunostaining now encompasses a broad range of techniques used in histology, cell biology, and molecular biology that use antibody-based staining methods.
Living cells will actively convert the non-fluorescent FDA into the green fluorescent compound fluorescein, a sign of viability; while nucleus of membrane-compromised cells will fluoresce red, a sign of cell death. Currently FDA/PI staining is the standard assessment of human pancreatic islet viability with suitability for transplantation when ...
Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain in flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in cell cycle analysis, or in microscopy to visualise the nucleus and other DNA-containing organelles. Propidium Iodide cannot cross the membrane of live cells, making it useful to differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and healthy cells.
To perform immunofluorescence staining, a fluorophore must be conjugated (“tagged”) to an antibody. Staining procedures can be applied to both retained intracellular expressed antibodies, or to cell surface antigens on living cells. There are two general classes of immunofluorescence techniques: primary (direct) and secondary (indirect).
Bismarck brown Y stains acid mucins to yellow color. It also stains mast cell granules brown. [3] It can be used with live cells.It is also used to stain cartilage in bone specimens, as one of Kasten's Schiff-type reagents in the periodic acid-Schiff stain to stain cellulose, and in Feulgen stain to stain DNA.
DAPI can be used for fixed cell staining. The concentration of DAPI needed for live cell staining is generally very high; it is rarely used for live cells. [7] It is labeled non-toxic in its MSDS [8] and though it was not shown to have mutagenicity to E. coli, [9] it is labelled as a known mutagen in manufacturer information. [2]