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Subclinical hypothyroidism is a biochemical diagnosis characterized by an elevated serum TSH level, but with a normal serum free thyroxine level. [47] [48] [49] The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism is estimated to be 3-15% and a higher incidence is seen in elderly people, females and those with lower iodine levels. [47]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. [7] [1] Early on, symptoms may not be noticed. [3] Over time, the thyroid may enlarge, forming a painless goiter. [3]
[10] [3] IL-1β has been shown to decrease liver D1, [10] as well as thyroid hormone receptor (THR) levels. IL-6 and TNFa downregulate D1 and suppress TSH, are negatively correlated with fT3, and are positively correlated with rT3. [3] NF-κB also inhibits D1, and decreases the expression of Thyroid receptors α and β. [3]
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
Hashimoto's encephalopathy, also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is a neurological condition characterized by encephalopathy, thyroid autoimmunity, and good clinical response to corticosteroids.
[2] [4] [5] It is considered to be a variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. When subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis occurs up to 12 months postpartum, it is called postpartum thyroiditis. It has an increased incidence in women with presence of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies prior to pregnancy and in women with preexisting Type 1 diabetes ...
An endangered orca vanished from a dwindling whale pod off the Washington coast, a conservation group said. The missing Southern Resident killer whale, K-26, was not seen by researchers during an ...
Thyroiditis is generally caused by an immune system attack on the thyroid, resulting in inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. This disease is often considered a malfunction of the immune system and can be associated with IgG4-related systemic disease, in which symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and noninfectious aortitis also occur.