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In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment options include: Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults) Botulinum toxin ...
Congenital fourth nerve palsy is a condition present at birth characterized by a vertical misalignment of the eyes due to a weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle. Other names for fourth nerve palsy include superior oblique palsy and trochlear nerve palsy. [ 1 ]
Another condition that produces similar symptoms is a cranial nerve disease. [3] Diagnosis may be made by observing the light reflecting from the person's eyes and finding that it is not centered on the pupil. [3] This is known as the Hirschberg reflex test. Treatment depends on the type of strabismus and the underlying cause. [3]
The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. [1] It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. [2] The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1 ...
Developmental delays are more common in children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia than those with unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. [6] Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia is also associated with a more severe disease course. [7] There may be nystagmus (involuntary eye movements, often side-to-side). [6] In cases of bilateral optic nerve ...
The RGCs axons form the optic nerve. Therefore, the disease can be considered of the central nervous system. [2] Dominant optic atrophy was first described clinically by Batten in 1896 and named Kjer’s optic neuropathy in 1959 after Danish ophthalmologist Poul Kjer, who studied 19 families with the disease. [3] Although dominant optic atrophy ...
The American study found that Ozempic more than doubles the risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a rare condition that damages the optic nerve.
This disease is a heterogenous group of inherited neuropathies, stemming from a MFN2 mutation, in which both motor and sensory nerves are affected, resulting in distal limb weakness, sensory loss, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and foot deformities. Affected individuals develop progressive optic nerve dysfunction starting later in childhood. [21]
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