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  2. Phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology

    Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their Phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety.

  3. Phonetic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_transcription

    Examples of this transcription may be seen in Pike's Phonemics [9] and in many of the papers reprinted in Joos's Readings in Linguistics 1. [10] In the days before it was possible to create phonetic fonts for computer printers and computerized typesetting, this system allowed material to be typed on existing typewriters to create printable ...

  4. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system.

  5. List of language subsystems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_subsystems

    Phonology, the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language (natural language or constructed language); Morphology, the structure of meaningful units of a language, such as words and affixes; Lexicology, the study of words; Syntax, the principles and rules for constructing phrases, clauses, and the like in human languages;

  6. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]

  7. Phonotactics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonotactics

    This article needs attention from an expert in linguistics. The specific problem is: More details are needed on English phonotactics; phonotactics for other languages need to be discussed; further needs to be said about universals or the lack thereof; see the talk page for more possible expansions.

  8. International Phonetic Alphabet chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.

  9. Optimality theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimality_Theory

    However, phonological models of representation, such as autosegmental phonology, prosodic phonology, and linear phonology (SPE), are equally compatible with rule-based and constraint-based models. OT views grammars as systems that provide mappings from inputs to outputs; typically, the inputs are conceived of as underlying representations , and ...