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Spanish is a pro-drop language with respect to subject pronouns, and, like many European languages, Spanish makes a T-V distinction in second person pronouns that has no equivalent in modern English. Object pronouns can be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.
Personal pronouns in Spanish have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (), a direct object (), an indirect object (), or a reflexive object. Several pronouns further have special forms used after prepositions.
Here are some examples of English sentences and their cleft versions: "I did it." → "It was I who did it" or more colloquially "It was me that did it." "You will stop smoking through willpower." → "It is through willpower that you will stop smoking." Spanish does not usually employ such a structure in simple sentences.
For example, in these two sentences with the same meaning: [4] María quiere comprarlo = "Maria wants to buy it." María lo quiere comprar = "Maria wants to buy it." "Lo" is the object of "comprar" in the first example, but Spanish allows that clitic to appear in a preverbal position of a syntagma that it dominates strictly, as in the second ...
Subject pronouns can be made explicit when used for a contrastive function or when the subject is the focus of the sentence. In the following example, the first person explicit pronoun is used to emphasize the subject. In the next sentence the explicit yo, stressed that the opinion is from the speaker and not from the second person or another ...
Another unique aspect of Spanish is that personal pronouns have distinct feminine forms for the first and second person plural. For example, the Spanish pronouns nosotras and vosotras specifically refer to groups of females, distinguishing them from the masculine forms used for mixed-gender or male groups. [3]
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The pronouns yo, tú, vos, [1] él, nosotros, vosotros [2] and ellos are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns.
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