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The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body, [1] which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function and support of the pelvic organs. [2] The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia.
The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm. It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures that pass through it. The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm, and painfully during vaginismus. [4]
The same human pelvis, front imaged by X-ray (top), magnetic resonance imaging (middle), and 3-dimensional computed tomography (bottom). The pelvis (pl.: pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of an anatomical trunk, [1] between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton [2] (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton).
The urogenital triangle is the area bound by a triangle with one vertex at the pubic symphysis and the two other vertices at the iliac tuberosities of the pelvic bone. Components [ edit ]
The buttocks are formed by the masses of the gluteal muscles or "glutes" (the gluteus maximus muscle and the gluteus medius muscle) superimposed by a layer of fat.The superior aspect of the buttock ends at the iliac crest, and the lower aspect is outlined by the horizontal gluteal crease.
Part of the abdominal external oblique muscle inserts onto it. [1] The inferior epigastric artery passes between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine. [2] The pubic spine is a rough ridge that extends from the pubic tubercle to the upper border of the pubic symphysis.
During urination, parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves act primarily on postganglionic M 3 receptors to cause contraction of the detrusor muscle. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] At other times, the muscle is kept relaxed via sympathetic branches from the inferior hypogastric plexus to allow the bladder to fill.
Pelvic fascia extends to cover the organs within the pelvis. It is attached to the fascia that runs along the pelvic floor along the tendinous arch. The fascia which covers pelvic organs can be divided according to the organs that are covered: The front is known as the "vesical layer". It forms the anterior and lateral ligaments of the bladder.
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