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An example of this is the facially cationic peptide C18G, which was designed from the C-terminal domain of human platelet factor IV. [70] Currently, the most widely used antimicrobial peptide is nisin ; being the only FDA approved antimicrobial peptide, it is commonly used as an artificial preservative.
The human genome contains theta-defensin genes, but they have a premature stop codon, hampering their expression. An artificial human theta-defensin, [40] retrocyclin, was created by 'fixing' the pseudogene, and it was shown to be effective against HIV [41] and other viruses, including herpes simplex virus and influenza A. They act primarily by ...
Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide, commonly used as an antibiotic for its capacity as a surfactant. [2] It is an amphiphile capable of withstanding hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments.
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an antimicrobial peptide encoded in the human by the CAMP gene. [1] The active form is LL-37 . In humans, CAMP encodes the peptide precursor CAP-18 (18 kDa), which is processed by proteinase 3 -mediated extracellular cleavage into the active form LL-37.
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and acts against bacteria through the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. [6] It does this by inhibiting the removal of phosphate from lipid compounds, thus deactivating its function to transport peptidoglycan; the main component of bacterial cell membranes, to the microbial cell wall.
Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis that is used as a food preservative.It has 34 amino acid residues, including the uncommon amino acids lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha), and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb).
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
Bacitracin [1] is a polypeptide antibiotic.It is a mixture of related cyclic peptides produced by Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, that was first isolated from the variety "Tracy I" (ATCC 10716) in 1945. [2]