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The table below lists the frequencies – identified by major studies – of various haplogroups amongst selected ethnic groups from the Caucasus. The first two columns list the ethnic and linguistic affiliations of the individuals studied, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the ...
Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG), also called Satsurblia cluster, [1] [2] is an anatomically modern human genetic lineage, first identified in a 2015 study, [3] [1] based on the population genetics of several modern Western Eurasian (European, Caucasian and Near Eastern) populations.
G2a was found also in 20 out of 22 samples of ancient Y-DNA from Treilles, the type-site of a Late Neolithic group of farmers in the Southern France, dated to about 5000 years ago. [12] The fourth site also from the same period is the Ötztal Alps where the mummified remains of Ötzi the Iceman were discovered.
The genetic history of the Middle East is the subject of research within the fields of human population genomics, archaeogenetics and Middle Eastern studies.Researchers use Y-DNA, mtDNA, and other autosomal DNA tests to identify the genetic history of ancient and modern populations of Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Arabia, the Levant, and other areas.
[3] [12] Furthermore, more recent studies have found that the Y-DNA of Early European Farmers is typically haplogroup G2a. [13] According to a 2015 study, [4] a hunter-gatherer from Samara (dated 5640-5555 cal BCE) belonging to haplogroup R1b1(*) was ancestral for both haplogroups R-M269 and R-M478. According to the authors, the occurrence of ...
The term "repeated sequence" was first used by Roy John Britten and D. E. Kohne in 1968; they found out that more than half of the eukaryotic genomes were repetitive DNA through their experiments on reassociation of DNA. [5] Although the repetitive DNA sequences were conserved and ubiquitous, their biological role was yet unknown.
Eukaryotes initiate DNA replication at multiple points in the chromosome, so replication forks meet and terminate at many points in the chromosome. Because eukaryotes have linear chromosomes, DNA replication is unable to reach the very end of the chromosomes. Due to this problem, DNA is lost in each replication cycle from the end of the chromosome.
However, replication does not start at all the different origins at once. Rather, there is a defined temporal order in which these origins fire. Frequently a few adjacent origins open up to duplicate a segment of a chromosome, followed some time later by another group of origins opening up in an adjacent segment.