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A chloridometer is a measuring instrument used to determine the concentration of chloride ions (Cl –) in a solution.It uses a process known as coulometric titration or amperostatic coulometry, the accepted electrochemistry reference method to determine the concentration of chloride in biological fluids, including blood serum, blood plasma, urine, sweat, and cerebrospinal fluid.
A 242A1 locomotive and standard gauge track at some model railway scales. This page lists the most relevant model railway scale standards in the world. Most standards are regional, but some have followers in other parts of the world outside their native region, most notably NEM and NMRA.
Standard Gauge, also known as wide gauge, was an early model railway and toy train rail gauge, introduced in the United States in 1906 by Lionel Corporation. [1] As it was a toy standard, rather than a scale modeling standard, the actual scale of Standard Gauge locomotives and rolling stock varied.
A Japanese H0e scale model railroad One of the smallest (Z scale, 1:220) placed on the buffer bar of one of the larger (live steam, 1:8) model locomotives HO scale (1:87) model of a North American center cab switcher shown with a pencil for size Z scale (1:220) scene of a 2-6-0 steam locomotive being turned. A scratch-built Russell snow plow is ...
A toy train is a toy that represents a train. It is distinguished from a model train by an emphasis on low cost [1] and durability, rather than scale modeling. A toy train can be as simple as a toy that can run on a track, or it might be operated by electricity, clockwork or live steam. It is typically constructed from wood, plastic or metal.
Emerson Zooline Railroad's Chance Rides C.P. Huntington train in Saint Louis Zoo, one of hundreds of exact copies of this ride model in locations worldwide. A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or ...
a foreshortening technique using N scale model trains in the background (distance) with HO scale in the foreground. mixing 1:43 scale, 1:48 scale and 1:50 scale die-cast models with O scale model trains. using Matchbox cars (1:64 to 1:100) with HO scale and S scale. mixing OO scale British model trains with HO scale models. Both scales run on ...
Therefore, a model railroad reduces that standard to scale. An HO scale model railroad runs on track that is 1/87 of 4' 8.5", or 0.649" from rail to rail. Today model railroads are more typically referred to using the term scale instead of "gauge" in most usages. Confusion arises from indiscriminate use of "scale" and "gauge" synonymously.