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Different marine habitats support very different fungal communities. Fungi can be found in niches ranging from ocean depths and coastal waters to mangrove swamps and estuaries with low salinity levels. [5] Marine fungi can be saprobic or parasitic on animals, saprobic or parasitic on algae, saprobic on plants or saprobic on dead wood. [2]
[citation needed] Animals and fungi are both heterotrophs, unlike plants, and while fungi are sessile like plants, there are also sessile animals. Cavalier-Smith and Stechmann argue that the uniciliate eukaryotes such as opisthokonts and Amoebozoa , collectively called unikonts , split off from the other biciliate eukaryotes, called bikonts ...
The fungus and bacteria are found in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which is located in the Pacific Ocean, and it is a hub where plastic in the ocean accumulates by the masses. [3] Though many types of bacteria have been shown to break down plastics, Parengyodontium album is only one of four species of marine fungi known to have this ...
Living on other fungi. [143] fungiform Mushroom-shaped. [144] fungivorous A banana slug feeding on Amanita. Many animals are opportunistic fungivores and eat fungi if available, but only a few near-exclusively target them. mycetophagous. Fungus-eating. [145] fungoid . fungous. Similar to a fungus in texture or morphology. [146] fungus. pl. fungi
Marine fungi can also be found in sea foam and around hydrothermal areas of the ocean. [112] A diverse range of unusual secondary metabolites is produced by marine fungi. [113] Mycoplankton are saprotropic members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Spongiforma squarepantsii is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae, genus Spongiforma. Found in Malaysia, it was described as new to science in 2011. It produces sponge-like, rubbery orange fruit bodies that have a fruity or musky odour. The fruit bodies reach dimensions of 10 cm (3.9 in) wide by 7 cm (2.8 in) tall.
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
In an older and more restricted sense (not used here), the term "chytrids" referred just to those fungi in the class Chytridiomycetes. Here, the term "chytrid" refers to all members of Chytridiomycota. [2] The chytrids have also been included among the Protoctista, [7] but are now regularly classed as fungi.