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Square number 16 as sum of gnomons. In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; [1] in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 3 2 and can be written as 3 × 3.
The following program in Python determines whether an integer number is a Munchausen Number / Perfect Digit to Digit Invariant or not, following the convention =. num = int ( input ( "Enter number:" )) temp = num s = 0.0 while num > 0 : digit = num % 10 num //= 10 s += pow ( digit , digit ) if s == temp : print ( "Munchausen Number" ) else ...
In mathematics and computer programming, exponentiating by squaring is a general method for fast computation of large positive integer powers of a number, or more generally of an element of a semigroup, like a polynomial or a square matrix. Some variants are commonly referred to as square-and-multiply algorithms or binary exponentiation.
Sociable Dudeney numbers and amicable Dudeney numbers are the powers of their respective roots. The number of iterations i {\displaystyle i} needed for F p , b i ( n ) {\displaystyle F_{p,b}^{i}(n)} to reach a fixed point is the Dudeney function's persistence of n {\displaystyle n} , and undefined if it never reaches a fixed point.
So, 6 is a perfect number because the proper divisors of 6 are 1, 2, and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. [2] [4] Euclid proved c. 300 BCE that every prime expressed as M p = 2 p − 1 has a corresponding perfect number M p × (M p +1)/2 = 2 p − 1 × (2 p − 1). For example, the Mersenne prime 2 2 − 1 = 3 leads to the corresponding perfect number 2 2 ...
The square of an integer may also be called a square number or a perfect square. In algebra, the operation of squaring is often generalized to polynomials, other expressions, or values in systems of mathematical values other than the numbers. For instance, the square of the linear polynomial x + 1 is the quadratic polynomial (x + 1) 2 = x 2 ...
In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive proper divisors, that is, divisors excluding the number itself. For instance, 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number. The next perfect number is 28, since 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28.
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...