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Meibomian glands in the lower eyelid imaged under amber light to show vasculature support and the gland structure. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD, also meibomitis or meibomianitis) is a chronic disease of the meibomian glands, which is commonly characterized by obstruction of the end of the duct that delivers the secretion produced by the glands (called meibum) to the eye surface, which ...
Meibomian gland dysfunction is more often seen in women and is regarded as the main cause of dry eye disease. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Factors that contribute to meibomian gland dysfunction can include things such as a person's age and/or hormones, [ 16 ] or severe infestation of Demodex brevis mite.
The most common cause of dry eye is increased evaporation of the tear film, typically as a result of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The meibomian glands are two sets of oil glands that line the upper and lower eyelids and secrete the oily outer layer of the tear film—the lipid layer. These glands often become clogged due to inflammation ...
Meibomian gland dysfunction is a result of abnormalities of the meibomian glands and altered secretion of meibum, which plays an imperative role in lagging the evaporation of tear films and smoothing of the tear film to produce an even optical surface.
Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct may occur. [4] [5] [6] This leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora (chronic low-grade nasolacrimal duct occlusion). [7] A congenital obstruction can cause cystic expansion of the duct and is called a dacryocystocele or Timo cyst.
A chalazion may occur following a stye or from hardened oils blocking the gland. [2] The blocked gland is usually the meibomian gland, but can also be the gland of Zeis. [8] A stye and cellulitis may appear similar. [2] A stye, however, is usually more sudden in onset, painful, and occurs at the edge of the eyelid. [2] Cellulitis is also ...
A distichia is an eyelash that arises from an abnormal part of the eyelid.This abnormality, attributed to a genetic mutation, is known to affect dogs and humans.Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the meibomian gland at the eyelid margin.
Entropion usually results from aging, but sometimes can be due to a congenital defect, a spastic eyelid muscle, or a scar on the inside of the lid that could be from surgery, injury, or disease. [medical citation needed] It is an asymptomatic condition that can, rarely, lead to trichiasis, which requires surgery.