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Human taxonomy on one hand involves the placement of humans within the taxonomy of the hominids (great apes), and on the other the division of archaic and modern humans into species and, if applicable, subspecies. Modern zoological taxonomy was developed by Carl Linnaeus during the 1730s to 1750s.
All modern humans are classified into the species Homo sapiens, coined by Carl Linnaeus in his 1735 work Systema Naturae. [9] The generic name Homo is a learned 18th-century derivation from Latin homō, which refers to humans of either sex. [10] [11] The word human can refer to all members of the Homo genus. [12]
The Hominidae (/ h ɒ ˈ m ɪ n ɪ d iː /), whose members are known as the great apes [note 1] or hominids (/ ˈ h ɒ m ɪ n ɪ d z /), are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); Gorilla (the eastern and western gorilla); Pan (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and Homo, of which only modern humans ...
Reconstruction of early Homo sapiens from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco c. 315 000 years BP. Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), [1] are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (sometimes Homo sapiens sapiens) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species (of which some are at times also identified ...
Homo (from Latin homō 'human') is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses only a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.
Modern taxonomy uses database technologies to search and catalogue classifications and their documentation. [100] While there is no commonly used database, there are comprehensive databases such as the Catalogue of Life , which attempts to list every documented species. [ 101 ]
While Haeckel's tree is outdated, it illustrates clearly the principles that more complex and accurate modern reconstructions can obscure. The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to ...
Most DNA studies find that humans and Pan are 99% identical, [19] [20] but one study found only 94% commonality, with some of the difference occurring in non-coding DNA. [21] It is most likely that the australopithecines, dating from 4.4 to 3 Mya, evolved into the earliest members of genus Homo .