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Snap, [6] or jounce, [2] is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. [4] Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: = ȷ = = =.
Further time derivatives have also been named, as snap or jounce (fourth derivative), crackle (fifth derivative), and pop (sixth derivative). [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The seventh derivative is known as "Bang," as it is a logical continuation to the cycle.
Many other fundamental quantities in science are time derivatives of one another: force is the time derivative of momentum; power is the time derivative of energy; electric current is the time derivative of electric charge; and so on. A common occurrence in physics is the time derivative of a vector, such as velocity or displacement. In dealing ...
Since acceleration differentiates the expression involving position, it can be rewritten as a second derivative with respect to time: a = d 2 s d t 2 . {\displaystyle a={\frac {d^{2}s}{dt^{2}}}.} Since, for the purposes of mechanics such as this, integration is the opposite of differentiation, it is also possible to express position as a ...
By the fundamental theorem of calculus, it can be seen that the integral of the acceleration function a(t) is the velocity function v(t); that is, the area under the curve of an acceleration vs. time (a vs. t) graph corresponds to the change of velocity. =.
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
Newton's notation is generally used when the independent variable denotes time. If location y is a function of t, then ˙ denotes velocity [14] and ¨ denotes acceleration. [15] This notation is popular in physics and mathematical physics.
Then, by taking time derivatives, formulas are derived that relate the velocity of the particle as seen in the two frames, and the acceleration relative to each frame. Using these accelerations, the fictitious forces are identified by comparing Newton's second law as formulated in the two different frames.