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For example, the second-order equation y′′ = −y can be rewritten as two first-order equations: y′ = z and z′ = −y. In this section, we describe numerical methods for IVPs, and remark that boundary value problems (BVPs) require a different set of tools. In a BVP, one defines values, or components of the solution y at more than one ...
Second-order approximation is the term scientists use for a decent-quality answer. Few simplifying assumptions are made, and when a number is needed, an answer with two or more significant figures ("the town has 3.9 × 10 3, or thirty-nine hundred, residents") is generally given.
Second order approximation, an approximation that includes quadratic terms; Second-order arithmetic, an axiomatization allowing quantification of sets of numbers; Second-order differential equation, a differential equation in which the highest derivative is the second; Second-order logic, an extension of predicate logic
For example, the third derivative with a second-order accuracy is ... The order of accuracy of the approximation takes the usual form ( ...
In numerical analysis, order of accuracy quantifies the rate of convergence of a numerical approximation of a differential equation to the exact solution. Consider u {\displaystyle u} , the exact solution to a differential equation in an appropriate normed space ( V , | | | | ) {\displaystyle (V,||\ ||)} .
In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function , the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order k {\textstyle k} of the Taylor series of the function.
In practice, convergent perturbation expansions often converge slowly while divergent perturbation expansions sometimes give good results, c.f. the exact solution, at lower order. [ 1 ] In the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in which the electron – photon interaction is treated perturbatively, the calculation of the electron's ...
"Sur l'ordre de la meilleure approximation des fonctions continues par les polynômes de degré donné" [On the order of the best approximation of continuous functions by polynomials of a given degree]. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. (in French). 4: 1– 104. Faber, Georg (1914). "Über die interpolatorische Darstellung stetiger Funktionen" [On the ...