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It can refer to the usual state preceding falling asleep, [1] the condition of being in a drowsy state due to circadian rhythm disorders, or a symptom of other health problems. It can be accompanied by lethargy, weakness and lack of mental agility. [2] Somnolence is often viewed as a symptom rather than a disorder by itself.
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
When a person struggles to fall asleep or stay asleep without any obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia, [2] which is the most common sleep disorder. [3] Other sleep disorders include sleep apnea , narcolepsy , hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness at inappropriate times), sleeping sickness (disruption of the sleep cycle due to infection ...
A circadian rhythm is an entrainable, endogenous, biological activity that has a period of roughly twenty-four hours. This internal time-keeping mechanism is centralized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of humans, and allows for the internal physiological mechanisms underlying sleep and alertness to become synchronized to external environmental cues, like the light-dark cycle. [4]
Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD), also known as the advanced sleep-phase type (ASPT) of circadian rhythm sleep disorder, is a condition that is characterized by a recurrent pattern of early evening (e.g. 7-9 PM) sleepiness and very early morning awakening (e.g. 2-4 AM).
Subjects undergo a series of five 20-minute sleeping opportunities with an absence of alerting factors at 2-hour intervals on one day. The test is based on the idea that the sleepier people are, the faster they will fall asleep. [15] [16] The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) is also used to quantitatively assess daytime sleepiness. This ...
[1] [11] They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep for as long as desired. [1] [9] [12] Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. [1] It may result in an increased risk of accidents of all kinds as well as problems focusing and learning. [9]
The main symptom of hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), or prolonged nighttime sleep, [7] which has occurred for at least 3 months prior to diagnosis. [8] Sleep drunkenness is also a symptom found in hypersomniac patients. [9] [10] It is a difficulty transitioning from sleep to wake. [10]