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The letter 'eyn (ع), which is pronounced as a glottal stop in Persian, is always counted in poetry as a consonant, e.g. 'ešq عشق 'love'. [25] Thus like any other consonant it can cause the previous syllable to become long, so that از عشق az 'ešq 'from love' has the scansion – –u.
This is a ten-syllable bahr and by the standards of Urdu poetry, is a chotii (small) bahr. As with the scansion of Persian poetry, a syllable such as miid or baat consisting of a long vowel plus consonant, or sharm consisting of a short vowel and two consonants, is "overlong", and counts as a long syllable + a short one.
The creativity with which a poet incorporates homonymous meanings of their takhallus to offer additional layers of meaning to the couplet is an indicator of their skill. Bahr: Each line of a ghazal must follow the same metrical pattern and syllabic (or morae) count. Other optional rules include:
The 13-syllable meter of the Persian ruba'i (quatrain) is also traditionally analysed as if it was a variety of the hazaj meter, [19] but in reality it is quite different, and evidently has no connection with the meter described above. [20] The meter, which has two versions, differing in the reversal of the 6th and 7th syllables, is as follows:
The first Urdu translation of the Kural text was by Hazrat Suhrawardy, a professor of Urdu Department of Jamal Mohammad College, Tiruchirappalli. [1] It was published by Sahitya Academy in 1965, with a reprint in 1994. The translation is in prose and is not a direct translation from Tamil but based on English translations of the original.
Urdu in its less formalised register is known as rekhta (ریختہ, rek̤h̤tah, 'rough mixture', Urdu pronunciation:); the more formal register is sometimes referred to as زبانِ اُردُوئے معلّٰى, zabān-i Urdū-yi muʿallá, 'language of the exalted camp' (Urdu pronunciation: [zəbaːn eː ʊrdu eː moəllaː]) or لشکری ...
Urdu masnawī are usually divided into three categories- early, middle, and late. Early Urdu masnawī began in the 11th/17th century. In the beginning of this period, many masnawī were religious in nature, but then grew to include romantic, heroic, and even secular stories. Early Urdu masnawī were influenced by Dakkanī literature, as well as ...
In semi-arranged marriages, the first or second visit may include a formal proposal, since both the man and woman have already agreed to marriage prior - the proposal is more or less a formality. In love marriages, the man directly proposes to the woman. Once the wedding proposal is accepted, beverages and refreshments are served. Depending on ...